聚氨酯阻尼性能研究（Ⅰ）

本文讨论了影响硬段在聚氨酯中分布的因素及其对聚氨酯的形态结构和阻尼性能的影响,指出：软段或硬段交联、固化温度及合成方法都对聚氨酯的形态结构和阻尼性能有影响。在相分离较严重的聚氨酯体系中,增加硬段在软相中的分散程度,有利于提高聚氨酯的阻尼性能。     

聚氨酯的合成及水声性能

用甲苯-2,4-二异氰酸酯(2,4-TDI)、聚丙二醇(PPG)等原料合成了聚氨酯预聚体,以3,3-二氯-4,4-二氨基二苯甲烷(MOCA)、三羟甲基丙烷(TMP)为扩链剂合成了聚氨酯,在脉冲声管中测试了合成试样的声压反射系数和吸声系数,研究了不同扩链剂及不同含量的2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚(BHT)对其水下声学性能的影响。测试结果表明:TDI-PPG-MOCA合成型聚氨酯是一种良好的水下透声材料,TDI-PPG-TMP合成型聚氨酯是一种良好的水下吸声材料;BHT的加入对TDI-PPG-TMP合成型聚氨酯的水下吸声性能有显著提高,因此合理地设计实验工艺参数,可以得到水下声学性能更佳的聚氨酯。     

苯乙炔与二苯丁二炔的共聚及共聚物的表征

本文以(Ph_3P)_2PdCl_2作催化剂,合成出聚二苯丁二炔和二苯丁二炔与苯乙炔共聚物。均聚物及共聚物产率都在90%以上,均聚物分子量为900,二苯丁二炔与苯乙炔最佳摩尔比为1/2(数均分子量为1205)。结构分析表明,均聚物及共聚物均具有反—反式结构。     

复合材料专题-Si(Al)C纤维先驱体聚铝碳硅烷的合成*

采用低分子量固态聚碳硅烷(PCS)和乙酰丙酮铝([Al(acac)3])为原料,利用Si-H与[Al(acac)3]之间的交联反应合成适于多孔连续熔融纺丝的聚铝碳硅烷(PACS)。研究了反应条件对产物数均分子量、软化点和组成结构的影响及交联反应程度和可纺性之间的联系。结果表明,随着反应温度的升高和时间的延长,反应程度提高,残余乙酰丙酮基减少,Si-O-Al交联支化结构增多,分子量和软化点增大,可纺性随之下降。当[Al(acac)3]投料比为8wt%时,在370°C下反应4-6h,可得到软化点为206~221°C,Alwt%=0.68%,具有良好可纺性的PACS     

PPQ-b-PEG刚柔嵌段共聚物的合成及热稳定性

以聚乙二醇单甲醚、丁二酸酐、4-氨基苯乙酮、5-乙酰基-2-氨基二苯甲酮为原料合成了以聚苯基喹啉(PPQ)为硬段、聚乙二醇(PEG)为软段的"刚棒—线团"两嵌段共聚物PPQ b PEG,通过IR、1HNMR对其结构进行了表征,并对PPQ b PEG嵌段共聚物的热稳定性进行研究,结果表明:PPQ b PEG(d)的热稳定性高,PPQ b PEG起始的分解温度为250℃,在250～400℃失重很少,其失重率小于5%,在400～600℃才迅速失重,到620℃时彻底分解。     

植物油交联共聚阻尼材料的研究

为扩大阻尼材料的原料来源,降低成本,提高阻尼性能,研究以植物油(蓖麻油、棉子油、桐油)为原料,合成环氧植物油及桐油酸酐,将桐油酸酐与环氧植物油进行本体聚合,制得了一系列 AB—交联共聚物。对试样进行动态力学测试,结果表明,该共聚物具有较高的阻尼因子(tanδ最高在1以上),较宽的阻尼温域。在40～60℃时,tanδ值持续大于0.3,是一类成本低廉、阻尼性能良好的新型阻尼材料。     

不同增强体镁基复合材料的阻尼性能

研究了短切碳纤维、碳化硅晶须、硼酸铝晶须为增强体的镁基复合材料在外加载荷下的阻尼性能,测量了它们的力学性能与断口特性。研究表明：增强体不同的镁基复合材料,阻尼性能不同;在所研究的几种增强体复合材料中,以短切碳纤维增强镁基复合材料的阻尼效果最好;短切碳纤维增强铁基复合材料界面对内耗有明显的影响。     

高官能度水性聚氨酯丙烯酸酯/纳米SiO2杂化材料的制备及性能

以聚己内酯二醇(PCL)、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)和季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯(PETA)为原料,合成了高官能度水性聚氨酯丙烯酸酯WPUA。以WPUA为有机相,γ-甲基丙烯酰氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷(TMSPM)改性纳米SiO2为无机相,制备了水性光固化有机/无机纳米杂化体系。通过傅立叶变换红外光谱对合成产物进行了表征,并对杂化薄膜的表面形貌、热稳定性、光固化动力学及力学性能进行了分析。结果表明合成了预期产物,杂化体系中改性纳米SiO2分散均匀稳定;随着SiO2含量的增加,材料的热稳定性、力学性能均有明显提高;不同SiO2条件下体系均保持了较高的光固化速率和最终凝胶含量。     

PDMS直接裂解重排合成PCS

聚二甲基硅烷 (PDMS)高温裂解制备的聚碳硅烷 (PCS)是陶瓷材料的良好先驱体。本文在现有液态聚硅烷 (LPS)间接合成PCS工艺的基础上 ,直接由固态PDMS高温裂解重排制备PCS ,利用正交设计的方法研究了不同合成条件对PCS结构、分子量及分子量分布的影响 ,得出了最佳合成条件 ,即反应温度 45 5℃ ,裂解温度 5 40℃ ,保温时间 6h。     

高压合成聚碳硅烷的沉淀与复配

研究了沉淀与复配两种调控高压合成聚碳硅烷(PCS)分子量及其分布的方法。研究表明,在PCS的良溶剂(如二甲苯)溶液中加入沉淀剂(如丙酮)比例超过临界点后,PCS中分子量越高的部分越先沉淀出来,从而降低了PCS的软化点、分子量和分散系数,PCS的高、中、低分子量的比例得到调节。复配是将不同分子量分布的PCS均匀地混合在一起,其分子量、软化点和高、中、低各部分的含量基本符合混合率的关系。因此,可以按照混合率来设计所需PCS的软化点、分子量及高、中、低分子含量。     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.     

The UK,interrogation and Iraq, 2003–2008

The UK’s interrogation operations during the conflict in Iraq (2003–2008) are often portrayed by the media as involving significant amounts of mistreatment. This article demonstrates that these practices are not necessarily representative of the UK’s interrogation operations across this conflict. In doing so it contributes to the limited literature on the practice of interrogation and on the UK’s combat operations in Iraq. The UK’s interrogation capability, and therefore its intelligence-gathering capability, is shown to have rested primarily with the military’s Joint Forward Interrogation Team (JFIT). The JFIT suffered from limitations to the number, training and experience of its interrogators and interpreters. It is argued that maintaining a permanent, higher level of preparedness for interrogation by the British armed forces is desirable.     

Remembering and forgetting Mirambo: Histories of war in modern Africa

ABSTRACT

While the study of organised violence is considered essential to understanding the history of the West, and accordingly imbued with various layers of meaning and remembrance, war is widely regarded as inimical to the modern nation in Africa and stable development more broadly. Using examples drawn from primarily from East Africa, this paper considers the ways in which warfare in the deeper (‘precolonial’) past has been framed and envisioned in recent decades, in particular by governments whose own roots lie in revolutionary armed struggle and who began life as guerrilla movements. While in some cases particular elements of the deeper past were indeed mobilised in pursuit of contemporary political goals, in many other scenarios histories of precolonial violence were beheld as problematic and unworthy of remembrance. This paper highlights the paradox and ambiguity which has attended the memory of key aspects of Africa’s deeper past.