各向异性稳态渗流复级数解析分析法

提出一种求解二阶线性椭圆形偏微分方程过值问题的新型复级数展开法,并用于求解二维各向异性稳态渗流问题,首先得到了各向异性稳态渗流矩形域、圆形域一般解析解,而且给出数值算例。     

刚性夹杂双周期分布的反平面问题

在遵循复合材料中各夹杂相互影响的条件下,构造呈双周期分布且相互影响的椭圆形刚性夹杂模型的复应力函数,采用复变函数的依次保角映射方法,达到满足各个夹杂的边界条件,利用围线积分将求解方程组化为线性代数方程组,推导出了椭圆形刚性夹杂呈双周期分布的界面应力解析表达式,并讨论了夹杂间距对界面应力最大值（应力集中系数）的影响规律,描绘出了曲线。     

任意载荷作用下各向异性矩形薄板的弯曲解

常用的复合材料板多为各向异性板。为求解这种板的弯曲问题 ,利用复数形式的三角级数解和双正弦级数解来建立各异向性矩形薄板弯曲问题微分方程的一般解 ,可以求解任意载荷作用下各种边界的弯曲问题。以四边固支的正方形板为例进行了数值计算 ,其结果与文献比较是一致的。这种一般解析解法理论简单全面 ,便于实际应用     

双调和方程边界加权残值法及其应用

本文证明了可用复变函数的广义多项式逼近解析函数,并给出了用加权残值法解双调和方程的若干可供选择的试函数模式。文章还导出了广义调和函数系,并证明了它在平面边界上是一个完备系,可作为权函数系。将这种方法用于解各类边界板的弯曲问题和弹性平面问题,具有计算量较小、精度较高的特点。     

基于混合变量传递函数方法的圆柱壳屈曲分析

提出了一种分析正交各向异性圆柱壳和阶梯圆柱壳稳定性问题的混合变量传递函数方法。首先在壳体环向利用三角级数对位移变量进行展开 ,利用Fl櫣ｇｇｅ薄壳理论和变分原理 ,建立圆柱壳的平衡方程 ,找出对偶力变量 ,将平衡方程写成混合变量形式 ;通过定义混合状态变量 ,建立了系统的状态空间方程 ;然后利用传递函数方法 ,得到了具有任何轴对称边界条件轴压圆柱壳屈曲问题的解析解 ;最后通过位移连续和力平衡条件 ,得到了阶梯圆柱壳屈曲问题的解。理论解推导过程表明此方法在引入边界条件和进行阶梯圆柱壳求解时非常方便。算例分析的结果验证了本方法的正确性     

小波边界元法

将边界上的函数展成小波级数,利用循环矩阵方法,从核函数边界上的值,得到离散的积分方程系数矩阵,求解未知的小波级数系数,从而得到边界积分方程近似解,文中计算了一个二维拉普拉斯方程的解。     

Hilbert 空间中半线性随机发展方程的 Mild 解的一个存在性定理

讨论如下的Ｈｉｌｂｅｒｔ空间中半线性随机发展方程的Ｃａｕｃｈｙ问题：ｄｙ（ｔ）＝［Ａｙ（ｔ）＋ｆ（ｔ,ｙ（ｔ））］ｄｔ＋Ｇ（ｔ,ｙ（ｔ））ｄＷ（ｔ）;ｙ（０）＝ｙ０．｛在并不要求系数ｆ、Ｇ满足Ｌｉｐｓｃｈｉｔｚ条件的情况下,对上述Ｃａｕｃｈｙ问题的Ｍｉｌｄ解建立了一个局部存在性定理．     

时延数字控制系统最优控制问题的离散正交多项式解法

本文利用一般的离散正交多项式研究了具有2s个时延项离散系统的最优控制问题。文中导出了系统状态和控制向量离散正交级数展开式中系数向量间的关系,然后,将离散动态系统的最优控制问题转化为直接对二次型性能指标中一组系数向量的参数优化问题,并由一组线性代数方程给出了这组最优系数向量的解。最后,还介绍了一个数值例子。     

关于近圆轨道的交会问题

为了评价终段交会机动的各种不同方法,需要知道一个飞行器相对于另一个飞行器的自由飞行运动。当一种参考坐标系选在目标飞行器上时,这时要解的运动方程为一组系数为时间的显函数的变系数非线性微分方程组。本文给出了用扰动法解方程组得到的近似解析解。对于目标轨道偏心率较小和相对距离较大的情况下,这种解比过去找到的解更具有一般性。因此它广泛地用于研究近地轨道的问题。数值例举用来评价其解的精确度。结果表明,在一定的相对距离内现有的包含非线性的解必须代替以前基于线性理论的解。本文的解含有某些非线性效应。本文也给出了在预定时间内达到交会所必需的速度分量的近似解析解。     

单组点堆中子动力学方程的解析解

针对有外加中子源单组点堆中子动力学方程组的快速求解问题,提出了常数变易法和同伦分析方法,通过理论推导获得了单组点堆中子动力学方程组解析解,然后对3种不同刚性情况下的阶跃反应性引入的例子进行了求解和数值分析,验证了所得解析解的正确性。     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.