认知建构理论及其对语言教学的启示

第二语言习得的研究出现多元化现象，研究者从不同的角度、不同的侧面进行深入的研究，提出了许多新的观点。随着这一领域研究的深入，研究学习者外语学习的心理一认知过程逐渐成为第二语言习得领域学者关注的热点。本文认为学习者坚持语言学习不仅仅是习惯的养成，而是一种语言习得、脑力劳动和认知发展过程，强调学习者在语言学习过程中的积极作用，有利于促进第二语言的获得。     

习得论对新疆汉语教学的意义

第二语言习得理论对新疆汉语教学有着重要启示。从输入假设和情感过滤假设出发具体讲述了克拉申理论对于新疆汉语有效教学的意义。通过对一线课堂的了解,进一步从理想的输入、要有足够的输入量、学生学习的动力、情感状态对于学生学习双语的重要性等方面反映出习得理论对于双语教学的意义。     

论错误分析在军队院校生长干部学员英语教学中的应用

作为应用语言学的重要分支,错误分析是第二语言习得中的一种重要研究方法.结合军队院校生长干部学员英语学习的特点,介绍了错误分析理论,并以所教授的消防院校生长干部学员英语冠词使用错误分析为实例,阐述错误分析在军队院校生长干部学员英语教学中应用的必要性.     

论大学英语词汇习得及完备性

第二语言“词汇习得的完备性”在英语教学中尚未受到普遍重视。本文旨在阐明这一领域的理论基础及实践性 :公外大学生的词汇量、词汇习得的完备性 ,实际教授词汇的引导性、启发性等 ,望能引起同行的关注     

大学英语分级教学模式下的学习策略培养

大学英语分级教学模式下对学生的学习策略培养非常重要。教师在整个教学过程当中,要研究和掌握学生的语言学习习得过程,研究其学习特点,认知风格,心理特征,加强对学生学习策略的培养和指导,帮助学生积极参与、探索、建构和使用学习策略,为学生掌握学习策略提供条件与平台,使学生自觉运用学习策略自我管理、自我调控、自我评估学习过程和学习效果,不断提高自主学习的能力。     

双语学生课程学习情况与语言关系的调查研究

双语教育中,语言是否是影响学生课程学习情况的关键因素一直是双语教育界非常关注的问题,对此问题的回答在一定程度上决定了何时实施何种模式的双语教育.研究选取了新疆部分地区中小学少数民族双语学生作为研究对象,调查了其学生学习情况与语言情况,以明确语言对课程学习情况的影响.研究结论表明,双语学生的课程学习情况会受到双语学生母语语种、母语水平、汉语水平、课堂语言使用情况及接受第二语言教育阶段的影响.     

三语习得视域下的新疆少数民族大学生英语学习

目前,西方对三语习得的研究不断深入,但国内对少数民族地区的三语习得研究亟需关注与深入探索.因此,本文从三语习得探讨新疆少数民族大学生英语学习,以期通过分析提高新疆少数民族大学生英语水平、跨文化交际能力和多元文化的素质,并为国内少数民族地区的三语习得研究供以借鉴.     

英语写作中的母语负迁移现象分析——以“合训”学员写作为例

在二语习得过程中,学习者的母语使用会直接影响第二语言的习得,并对其起到积极促进或消极干扰作用。以“合训”学员英语写作中出现的典型常见错误为例,从词汇、句法、语篇三个层面分析母语负迁移对军校学员英语写作造成的影响,指出在英语教学中要积极引导学员的汉语正转移,消除学员的负迁移,不断提高英语教学的效果。     

母语在外语教学中的地位和作用

在英语教学中 ,有一种观点认为 ,第二语言中的学习错误大都或全部来源于母语。同时人们普遍认为浓郁的外语氛围对学习者至关重要 ,却忽视了母语在外语学习中的特有作用。运用语言的正迁移、负迁移理论可知 :在外语课堂教学中适当运用母语 ,不仅无损于教学效果 ,而且还能对教学起到促进作用。     

外语习得中的语境因素

结合大学英语教学实践,对外语习得中语境因素的三个方面,即语言自身、学习者和学习过程进行了分析,指出了这些因素对于英语教与学的影响,并对大学英语教学提出了自己的想法。     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.