汉、回、维及其他民族3-6岁幼儿家庭教育期望研究——基于新疆兵团S市的问卷调查

利用"3-6岁幼儿家庭教养方式调查研究"基础数据,研究讨论了汉、回、维及其他民族3-6岁幼儿家庭教育期望及其影响因素,旨在回答汉、回、维及其他民族3-6岁幼儿家庭教育期望的基本状况,影响汉、回、维及其他民族3-6岁幼儿家庭教育期望的主要因素这两个问题。本文从学历期望、职业期望和能力期望三个方面研究家庭教育期望,研究发现幼儿父母对孩子的学历期望普遍偏高,以本科以上学历为主,同时表现出"顺其自然"的趋势;幼儿父母对孩子的职业期望呈现"尊重儿童职业兴趣"的特点;幼儿父母对孩子的能力期望以"学前技能"为主。族别与家庭教育中的学历期望存在差异;父亲文化程度与家庭教育中的能力期望存在极其显著差异;母亲文化程度与家庭教育中的能力期望存在差异,与职业期望存在极其显著的差异;家庭户籍与家庭教育中的能力期望存在差异,与职业期望存在显著差异;家庭收入状况与家庭教育中的职业期望和能力期望均存在极其显著差异。     

The sensitivity of first term navy reenlistment to changes in unemployment and relative wages

Multiple regression analysis was used to analyze newly developed twenty year time series of first term reenlistment rates for nine major Navy occupational categories. Results indicate that there are significant differences among the occupational categories in the determinants of their reenlistment behavior. More importantly, it is apparent that reenlistment rates are highly sensitive to current unemployment and especially unemployment about the time of enlistment. By comparison, relative wages (measures of military versus private sector rates of compensation) are relatively insignificant and appear powerless to control reenlistment in the context of normal fluctuations in economic activity.     

The impact of military spending cutbacks on economic activity in an incentive‐wage two‐sector aggregative economy∗

We examine the theoretical outcomes of disarmament on economic activity in a two‐sector model of endogenous equilibrium unemployment rate. Three main shocks are analyzed: Exogenous cutbacks in military spending on the capital good and employment, and a reduction in public sector debt. The first shock is contractionary for equilibrium employment if the capital‐goods producing sector is relatively labour‐intensive but expansionary under the alternative factor intensity assumption. The second shock is contractionary for employment under either relative factor intensity assumption. If Ricardian equivalence fails, a reduction in public sector debt is likely to expand long‐term employment (JEL E24).     

A note on the sensitivity of navy first term reenlistment to bonuses,unemployment and relative wages

Multiple regression analysis of first term reenlistment rates over the period 1968–1977 confirms previous findings that reenlistment is highly sensitive to unemployment at the time of reenlistment and shortly after enlistment, almost four years earlier. Bonuses, particularly lump sum bonuses, were also shown to be a significant determinant of reenlistment.     

Factors influencing military recruitment in South Africa: the voices of Cape Town high school learners

This research sets out to establish how the youth in South Africa view military service, and what factors affect the ability of the South African National Defence Force (SANDF) to attract suitable recruits to staff its modern, technologically advanced military. Due to high levels of youth unemployment, South Africa has sufficient persons volunteering for military service. The problem lies with recruiting sufficient quality personnel with the right profile and abilities. To establish what affects enlistment, focus group discussions were conducted with learners from eight schools to determine what influences their career choices, what deters them from or attracts them to military service, their perception of the military profession, their knowledge of the military, and the influence of factors such as race and gender. The conclusion is reached that the SANDF is not considered an employer of choice due to poor service conditions, a decline in the prestige of the military, unfavourable aspects associated with military culture, a growing ‘knowledge gap’ and disconnect between the military and South African society, the estrangement of certain race groups, and the masculine nature of the military. These aspects need to be addressed if the SANDF wishes to attract learners with good academic credentials.     

The effect of deployment on first‐ and second‐term re‐enlistment in the US active duty force

Why should deployment affect re‐enlistment? In our model, members enter the military with naïve beliefs about deployment and use actual deployment experience to update their beliefs and revise their expected utility of re‐enlisting. Empirically, re‐enlistment is related to the type and number of deployments, consistent with the learning model. Non‐hostile deployment increases first‐term re‐enlistment but hostile deployment has little effect except for the Army, where the effect is positive. Both types increase second‐term re‐enlistment. Interestingly, first‐term members with dependants tend to respond to deployment like second‐term members. In addition, deployment acts directly to affect re‐enlistment, not indirectly through time to promotion.     

Robust ship scheduling with multiple time windows

We present a ship scheduling problem concerned with the pickup and delivery of bulk cargoes within given time windows. As the ports are closed for service at night and during weekends, the wide time windows can be regarded as multiple time windows. Another issue is that the loading/discharging times of cargoes may take several days. This means that a ship will stay idle much of the time in port, and the total time at port will depend on the ship's arrival time. Ship scheduling is associated with uncertainty due to bad weather at sea and unpredictable service times in ports. Our objective is to make robust schedules that are less likely to result in ships staying idle in ports during the weekend, and impose penalty costs for arrivals at risky times (i.e., close to weekends). A set partitioning approach is proposed to solve the problem. The columns correspond to feasible ship schedules that are found a priori. They are generated taking the uncertainty and multiple time windows into account. The computational results show that we can increase the robustness of the schedules at the sacrifice of increased transportation costs. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 49: 611–625, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/nav.10033     

Convoys to combat Somali piracy

As the world becomes increasingly globalized, interruptions to international trade cannot be permitted. Piracy off the coast of Somalia has hampered international trade in the region and poses significant risks to the sailors required to navigate those waters. Over the past three years the global community has attempted, through a number of different naval tactics, to stop these acts of piracy; however, these tactics have proven ineffective. This article looks at historical precedence and military theory to support the concept of using convoys to protect the thousands of cargo vessels traveling round the Horn of Africa every year. This tactic will greatly decrease the number of successful pirate attacks and save countless lives in the process.     

天地测控资源调度的两阶段递进遗传算法

为对天地测控资源调度进行高效求解,设计了两阶段递进遗传算法对其进行优化调度。鉴于问题的目标具有一定的可分性,以时间为依据将被调度弧段划分成两个部分,在对第一部分形成种群并作进化求解的基础上,将其最优解与第二部分弧段组合,并作进一步的进化求解。为了缓解两阶段优化的局部搜索特性,在第一阶段个体适应度计算中,以一定概率设定虚拟弧段,保留具有潜在全局优势的个体。仿真表明该方法能在确保求解质量的前提下明显减少运算时间。     

Accounting for army recruitment: White and non-white soldiers and the British Army

A statistically based enquiry into recruitment into the British Army over the period 1987-2000 shows that two factors tend to induce young men to enlist: high levels of unemployment in the civilian sector and positive signals from the authorities that the Army is in a recruiting phase. The same result obtains, broadly speaking, in the context of both white and non-white (ethnic minority) recruitment, although the willingness of ethnic minority young men to contemplate an Army career is only about a quarter of that of white men, other things being equal. Correspondingly, the Army shows no signs of reaching the target agreed with the Commission for Racial Equality in 1997 for a 1 percentage point increase annually in the percentage of recruits being drawn from the ethnic minorities. This article has something to say about how the Army might improve its performance in this regard by offering more in-service training and education to otherwise underqualified recruits and concentrating recruitment effort on regions of high ethnic minority unemployment.     

基于Canny算子的小波域维纳滤波去噪方法

本文给出了一种利用Canny算子的小波域局部维纳滤波的图像去噪方法。先用二维小波对图像进行分解，在第一重维纳滤波时使用椭圆形方向窗估计信号的方差。在第二重维纳滤波时，使用Canny算子把图像分成边缘区域和非边缘区域，然后结合圆形窗估计信号的方差，再利用局部维纳滤波进行去噪。实验结果表明了本文方法的有效性。     

中国共产党的三个历史阶段与马克思主义中国化的两次飞跃

中国共产党建党以来的90年,大致可分为三个阶段：1921—1949年,1949—1978年,1978年至今。党带领人民先后完成了三件大事：建立了社会主义新中国,进行了社会主义改造,开辟了中国特色社会主义的道路。第一个阶段,实现了马克思主义中国第第一次飞跃,形成了毛泽东思想;第二个阶段,既是马克思主义中国化第一次飞跃的延伸,又为第二次飞跃做了准备;第三个阶段,实现了马克思主义中国第二次飞跃,形成了中国特色社会主义理论体系。     

西藏大学校长特征研究——以建校29年6任校长为例

本文对西藏大学从1985年建校到2014年以来,6任大学校长的个人特征,从性别、教育背景、籍贯、任职时年龄和任职年限等维度进行分析。结果显示:来自西藏本地的校长有4位,来自山东的校长有2位;平均每一位校长在任时间5.4年,高于国内34所知名大学校长平均任职年限,但是低于哈佛大学校长平均任职年限;6位大学校长,没有一位是女性,任职时平均年龄为46.5岁,小于对口支援西藏大学的高校的现任校长的任职年龄;6位大学校长出身名校的较少,学历层次偏低,学科背景多为文科,缺少国外留学和工作经历。     

From Blitzkrieg To Attrition: Israel's Attrition Strategy and Staying Power

This article challenges the myth that Israel cannot afford to become involved in a draining war of attrition, arguing instead that Israeli society has repeatedly demonstrated a relatively high staying power. The article opens with a theoretical discussion that focuses on the difference between attrition and blitzkrieg and on the dilemmas Western democracies (WDs) face when coping with attrition. Following sections present Israeli aversion to attrition and the circumstances under which Israel eventually adopted an explicit attrition strategy, and analyse Israeli society's success in demonstrating a high cost tolerance during eight cases of attrition from the 1950s to the present.     

The quay crane scheduling problem with time windows

The quay crane scheduling problem consists of scheduling tasks for loading and unloading containers on cranes that are assigned to a vessel for its service. This article introduces a new approach for quay crane scheduling, where the availability of cranes at a vessel is restricted to certain time windows. The problem is of practical relevance, because container terminal operators frequently redeploy cranes among vessels to speed up the service of high‐priority vessels while serving low‐priority vessels casually. This article provides a mathematical formulation of the problem and a tree‐search‐based heuristic solution method. A computational investigation on a large set of test instances is used to evaluate the performance of the heuristic and to identify the impact of differently structured crane time windows on the achievable vessel handling time. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2011     

Research communication security in the 90s: A view from the UK

This paper develops a methodology for measuring the capital value of military assets in monetary terms. We distinguish between two military capital measures. One measure, called the value of military capital (services) summarizes the value of military defense assets during a particular year. A comparison of the capital‐services value of U.S. and Soviet tactical combat aircraft is provided for the period 1970–1984.

One feature of the capital‐services measure that makes it particularly interesting is that its size can be compared with such military expenditures as operating and support. While these latter expenditures reflect the readiness of a defense establishment, the relevant capital‐services measure reflects force structure and modernization.

A second measure, called the value of military capital (wealth), summarizes the military benefits obtained from defense assets over the remainder of their service lives. This measure depreciates the capital as it ages, and is useful for comparing military wealth with other types of wealth in the economy. We provide this measure for the U.S. military capital stock for 1925–1984.     

An Integro-Differential Approach To Terrorism Dynamics

This article introduces integro-differential equations as a new technique to study terrorism dynamics. An integro-differential equation is a mathematical expression that contains derivatives of the required function and its integral transforms. The technique is applied to two different dynamic models in terrorism: terrorism and tourism, and terrorist innovations. In the first model the number of tourists that appears in an integral term and also in a derivative term is impacted by the number of terrorists. In the second model the integro-differential equation for terrorist innovations relates them to terrorist attacks. The article shows how to solve, analyze, interpret, and deal with integro-differential equations. Integro-differential equations shed light on aspects of the models ignored when other techniques are used. This is particularly important for the evaluation of current counterterrorist policies, as well as to the formulation of new ones.     

Ridge regression analysis of the defence‐growth tradeoff in the United States

An examination of past analyses suggests that today's sailors may be less responsive to compensation changes than previous generations. Such a change could make recruiting and retaining high‐quality sailors more difficult. However, variation in researchers' decisions over time may simply have created the appearance of such a change. Our results suggest there is little variation in the pay elasticity over time. In contrast, the different reduced‐form models we use to measure this relationship can explain most of the variation in the literature. Therefore, the evidence suggests that while sailors may have changed over time, their response to compensation has not.     

Approximation for the departure process of a queue in a network

A simple renewal process is identified to approximate the complex departure process of a queue often found in queueing network models. The arrival process to the queue is the superposition or merging of several independent component-renewal processes that are approximations of departure processes from other queues and external arrival processes; there is a single server with exponential service times, and the waiting space is infinite. The departure process of this queue is of interest because it is the arrival process to other queues in the network. The approximation proposed is a hybrid; the mean and variance of the approximating departure intervals is a weighted average of those determined by basic methods in Whitt [41] with the weighting function empirically determined using simulation. Tandem queueing systems with superposition arrival processes and exponential service times are used to evaluate the approximation. The departure process of the first queue in the tandem is approximated by a renewal process, the tandem system is replaced by two independent queues, and the second queue is solved analytically. When compared to simulation estimates, the average absolute error in hybrid approximations of the expected number in the second queue is 6%, a significant improvement over 22–41% in the basic methods.     

基于案例决策理论的仿真任务共同体服务选择算法

资源分配优化是面向服务（ SOA）的大型多用途仿真系统的关键问题，而含有不确定状态或效果的服务选择是资源分配优化中的一个难点。针对以上问题，提出了构建仿真任务共同体的方法，基于案例的决策理论（ CBDT）的思想，设计了一种不确定型仿真任务共同体服务选择算法（ CBDSSA）。算法通过服务选择案例相似度的层次化运算，生成相似历史案例集，计算得到相似历史案例的方案效用值，最终评估出目标服务选择方案综合效用值并排序备选。算例验证表明，算法约束条件少，层次结构分明，运算结果直观，为仿真任务共同体服务选择问题提供了一种新的思路和实践手段，对大型多用途仿真系统资源分配优化研究具有一定的参考价值。