基于场景图形管理技术的三维空中态势引擎设计与实现

针对传统空中信息指挥系统对三维显示的需求,以开源图形开发库(OpenSceneGraph)作为底层渲染引擎,结合OSG的场景图形管理技术和面向对象设计思想,给出了一幅大规模空中态势场景的逻辑视图、场景树视图和类视图。以态势场景的构建和管理为核心,设计了一种适合实时显示大规模空中作战态势的三维显示引擎。该引擎实现了大规模地形建模、大规模航迹实时显示、探测器遮蔽算法、多样化视点等关键技术。利用该引擎二次开发的几种三维显示模块已经运用在多项国防工程中,该引擎具有高效率、跨平台、易集成、易扩展等优势。     

迷彩伪装的三维视景仿真

针对当前军事工程伪装设计中存在的以经验为主导、设计效果无法预测等问题,提出一种基于MFC的Vega Prime仿真方法用于迷彩伪装的三维视景仿真。以我国某地区的数字高程模型为基础数据,采用三维可视化仿真技术,构建了伪装场景的地形模型和地物模型。通过纹理映射技术把迷彩图案实施到模型表面,并利用实时渲染引擎Vega Prime API对模型进行渲染,建立迷彩伪装仿真场景。仿真结果表明:采用视景仿真技术对工程伪装效果进行虚拟场景再现,能够生成逼真的迷彩伪装场景。     

空间战场一体化视景仿真系统设计与实现

通过分析空间战场可视化仿真系统的特点,设计了一个二维态势及三维战场一体化显示的可视化仿真系统.采用了战场环境、作战武器平台及作战特效的动态匹配与生成技术、动态窗口及视点管理技术、二维态势与三维场景一体化显示技术,在以上几种技术的基础上实现了一个空间战场可视化仿真系统.作为分布仿真系统的一个子系统,该一体化视景仿真系统直...     

三维GIS的综合态势显示系统架构设计

介绍了一种基于对GIS(地理信息系统)二次开发研制的三维综合态势显示系统的实现方案;系统采用了标准C/S架构,构建了稳定分布式网络连接方式;通过对World Wind平台的改进实现了各类态势信息的三维动态仿真与数据的管理;加入了各类COM接口应用程序以调用DIRECTX API的方式实现了三维场景的优化渲染.仿真结果证明该系统运行满足了实施性与稳定性的要求,在军事态势信息研究领域具有较强实际应用价值.     

基于虚拟现实技术的消防监控系统设计

介绍了虚拟现实技术的概念和特性,提出了消防监控系统三维图形显示的设计思路,给出了利用VRML构建三维虚拟场景以及使用VC 程序实现与三维虚拟场景进行交互的方法。     

三维视景仿真中的主辅式多视口结构及其实现

针对大规模三维视景仿真中同时对场景全局和各目标模型细节观察的需求,设计了一种基于OpenGL的主辅式多视口场景渲染结构。通过对OpenGL视口定义、深度检测及投影变换等技术的灵活应用,该多视口结构在“导弹突防三维视景仿真系统”中得到了实现,有效地解决了多观察点同时兼顾的问题。     

机群作战仿真系统的研究和开发

针对空间战场三维图像显示技术的需求,采用MultiGen Creator作为建模工具,Vega作为实时仿真驱动软件,在SGI图形工作站上开发了虚拟机群作战视景仿真系统,设计了系统软硬件体系结构,解决了地形分块、地形LOD(Level of Detail,层次细节)等大规模地形管理以及与飞行仿真系统的广播内存实时网络接口连接等技术,实现了空间战场环境、特效的逼真显示.仿真结果表明,该系统满足仿真实时性和逼真度指标要求,增加了飞行视景仿真的"沉浸"感.     

基于多视角系统分析的作战模拟引擎设计方法

为解决作战模拟引擎的软件开发问题,对其设计方法进行了研究.首先,分析了多视角系统分析方法的基本思想和优点;然后,提出了作战模拟引擎多视角系统分析和设计方法的概念模型;接着,从视角、视图和模型三个方面描述了作战模拟引擎多视角系统分析和设计方法的框架;最后,对应用该方法的具体要求、过程和工具进行了分析.由此提出了一种基于多视角系统分析的作战模拟引擎设计方法.     

基于 OSG 的战场态势仿真系统的设计与实现

本文以战场态势信息的三维实时显示为需求,首先根据模块化设计思想,在OSG框架下分析了战场态势的仿真流程,然后详细阐述了实体显示、轨迹显示、标注信息显示的实现方法,最后对所设计的模块进行集成,实现了一个战场态势仿真系统。通过仿真结果表明,本系统的可视化效果好、实时性高、沉浸感强,在未来的信息化战争环境下有着重要的应用价值。     

Vega Prime与OpenGL飞行控制系统可视化仿真平台设计

提出了一种通用的飞行控制系统可视化仿真平台的设计方案。阐述了Vega Prime开发平台与OpenGL相结合的关键技术及开发方法,并将其应用于飞机在预定航路飞行的实时显示过程中。该平台可以载入各种飞行控制器、飞行动力学模型和数字地图进行仿真,并能够以数字、曲线和三维动画的形式显示仿真结果。该平台采用Visual Studio2008编写主界面和通用实时飞行动力学模型框架,Simulink实现飞行控制器,Matlab引擎服务实现二者的同步和通信,并通过OpenMP多线程并行多核编程技术和MATLAB并行计算工具箱的spmd(Single Program Multiple Data)技术实现了平台仿真的并行解算,最后实现三维战场环境动态显示。以"Beaver"多模态自动驾驶仪仿真设计为例,验证了平台的可行性。     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.