主成分分析在铁谱磨粒识别中的应用研究

介绍了主成分分析(PCA)基本原理与算法,提出了主成分分析用于铁谱磨粒识别的基本思路和方法,给出了具体的应用步骤,并通过实例对基于主成分分析的铁谱磨粒识别方法有效性进行了分析和验证,结果表明,该方法在减少铁谱磨粒识别工作量和提高识别准确率方面效果良好。     

滤纸法在船用柴油机磨粒现场快速检测中的应用

铁谱分析须在实验室条件下进行且操作速度较慢,为实现对油液磨粒数量、尺寸、形貌等的现场快速分析,采用基于滤纸过滤的显微镜观察法对某型船用柴油机在用油进行了检测。该方法利用不同规格的滤纸过滤沉降油样磨粒,并用高倍手持光学放大镜和铁谱显微镜进行观察,从而获得磨粒种类、尺寸、形貌等信息。根据拆机检修结果,使用该方法能有效发现异常磨损,可实现对磨粒的现场快速分析。经与相同油样的铁谱分析结果对比,该方法可一定程度上代替分析式铁谱仪进行磨粒现场快速检测,也可检测出部分非铁磁性磨粒。     

基于PCA-BPNN的航空发动机使用经济性模型

从航空发动机的使用经济性角度出发,对其主要使用经济性指标耗油率,提出了基于主成分分析与BP神经网络的航空发动机使用经济性建模方法.利用主成分分析从耗油率相关因素中提取主特征分量,消除样本问的相关性,降低BP网络的规模.接着,利用BP网络高度非线性映射能力构建模型.最后通过实例,验证了该模型的有效性,从而为涡扇发动机的方...     

基于SFS的磨粒图像三维重构

研究了一种由磨粒灰度图像直接恢复出磨粒图像三维信息的磨粒三维形貌恢复方法，以几种典型的磨粒灰度图像进行算法验证，实验结果表明，该方法简单，易于实现，恢复后的磨粒三维图像有较强的立体感。在不增加硬件成本的基础上，可以为磨粒的分析提供三维数据，为磨粒图像三维特征的提取奠定基础，对磨粒识别精度的提高产生重要的影响。     

基于KP CA的作战仿真实验数据特征提取方法

针对作战仿真分析过程中各作战要素的复杂性与非线性,研究了一种基于KPCA的作战仿真实验数据特征提取方法。该方法描述了KPCA特征提取的原理和算法,并将其应用于作战仿真实验数据的空间降维,根据累积贡献率确定新特征的数量。仿真结果表明,该方法与PCA相比具有主成份特征明显、贡献率集中等优点,能够有效综合原始数据的非线性特征,降低原始数据的维数。     

基于主成分分析的区域装备保障能力评估方法

针对区域装备保障能力评价问题,提出基于主成分分析的区域装备保障能力评价方法.该方法利用主成分分析法,在数据信息丢失最少的原则下,对区域装备保障多指标变量空间进行降维处理,用主成分解释资料的综合性指标,用以评价区域装备保障能力.建立了区域的装备保障能力的指标体系,建立基于主成分分析的评估模型,通过算例证明方法的有效性.     

基于类间最大方差法的铁谱磨粒彩色图像自动分割

在磨粒图像RGB彩色空间,选择其3个正交彩色特征,应用类间最大方差法对其分割,依据F isher判别函数选择其最佳特征与最佳阈值,实现了磨粒彩色图像的分割。大量磨粒图像分割实践证明,该分割方法具有分割精度较高、计算速度快、自适应性强等特点,是铁谱磨粒彩色图像自动分割较理想方法之一。     

基于核主成分分析方法的水面舰艇空中目标威胁评估?

对来袭空中目标的威胁进行评估与排序是舰艇对空火力分配的重要一环。根据来袭空中目标的特点，在确定目标指标后进行相应量化，针对来袭目标各指标间非线性的特点，提出使用核主成分分析法对目标信息进行特征提取，随后依据核主成分方差贡献率对威胁目标进行评估与排序。通过仿真算例验证，所得结果较为准确、客观，有效地克服传统方法中主观性较强的问题，并且在对指标数据提取的过程中降低了相关信息维数，降低了计算复杂度，为舰艇防空作战威胁评估提供了新途径。     

基于加权核主成分TOPSIS方法的舰艇防空威胁评估

为了能快速准确地对来袭的空中目标进行威胁评估,提出了一种基于加权的核主成分TOPSIS的威胁评估排序方法。针对水面舰艇防空作战中来袭目标的特点,确定了防空威胁评估指标,并对其进行了相应的量化,利用加权核主成分分析实现指标数据的降维,之后按照核主元方差贡献率加权进行TOPSIS法对来袭目标进行威胁评估与排序。实例验证表明:利用该方法可以避免传统方法中人为确定各威胁指标权重时引入的主观性,同时,对指标数据的降维处理降低了评估的复杂性,提高了评估的实时性,为舰艇防空作战威胁评估提供了一条新的有效途径。     

基于主成分分析法的舰炮武器人机交互性能评估

针对舰炮武器人机界面特点及现状,提出了基于主成分分析的人机交互性能评估方法。建立了合理的人机交互性能评估指标,结合实例提出了应用主成分分析法进行人机交互性能评估的方法和步骤,并给出了评估结果。与传统求均值方法相比,该方法避免了人为确定权重的主观性及各指标间存在相关性的问题,提高评估结果的准确性和科学性,为武器装备人机交互性能评估提供了技术支撑。     

On competitive analysis for polling systems

Polling systems have been widely studied, however most of these studies focus on polling systems with renewal processes for arrivals and random variables for service times. There is a need driven by practical applications to study polling systems with arbitrary arrivals (not restricted to time-varying or in batches) and revealed service time upon a job's arrival. To address that need, our work considers a polling system with generic setting and for the first time provides the worst-case analysis for online scheduling policies in this system. We provide conditions for the existence of constant competitive ratios, and competitive lower bounds for general scheduling policies in polling systems. Our work also bridges the queueing and scheduling communities by proving the competitive ratios for several well-studied policies in the queueing literature, such as cyclic policies with exhaustive, gated or l-limited service disciplines for polling systems.     

Thermal explosion of a reactive gas mixture at constant pressure for non-uniform and uniform temperature systems

In this study, the approximate and exact solutions for the stationary-state of the solids model with neglecting reactant consumption for both non-uniform and uniform temperature systems were applied on gas ignition under a constant pressure condition. The criticality conditions for a slab, an infinite cylinder, and a sphere are determined and discussed using dimensionless temperatures under constant ambient and surface temperatures for a non-uniform temperature system. Exact solution for a Semenov model with convection heat loss was also presented. The solution of the Semenov problem for constant volume or density as a solid and constant pressure were compared. The critical parameter δ is calculated and compared with those of Frank-Kamenetskii solution values. The validation of the calculated ignition temperatures with other exact solution and experimental results were offered. The relation between critical parameters form Semenov and F.K. models solution was introduced.     

Hypersonic impact flash characteristics of a long-rod projectile collision with a thin plate target

Impact flash occurs when objects collide at supersonic speeds and can be used for real-time damage assessment when weapons rely on kinetic energy to destroy targets.However,the mechanism of impact flash remains unclear.A series of impact flash experiments of flat-head long-rod projectiles impacting thin target plates were performed with a two-stage light gas gun.The impact flash spectra for 6061 aluminum at 1.3-3.2 km/s collision speeds were recorded with a high-speed camera,a photoelectric sensor,and a time-resolved spectrometer.The intensity of the impact flash exhibited a pulse charac-teristic with time.The intensity(I)increased with impact velocity(V0)according to I∝Vn0,where n = 4.41 for V0 ＞ 2 km/s.However,for V0 ＜ 2 km/s,n = 2.21,and the intense flash duration is an order of magnitude less than that of higher V0.When V0 ＞ 2 km/s,a continuous spectrum(thermal radiation background)was observed and increased in intensity with V0.However,for V0 ＜ 2 km/s,only atomic line spectra were detected.There was no aluminum spectral lines for V0 ＜ 2 km/s,which indicated that it had not been vaporized.The initial intense flash was emission from excited and ionized ambient gases near the impact surface,and had little relationship with shock temperature rise,indicating a new mechanism of impact flash.     

Optimal motion planning in rapid‐fire combat situations with attacker uncertainty

This article provides a modeling framework for quantifying cost and optimizing motion plans in combat situations with rapid weapon fire, multiple agents, and attacker uncertainty characterized by uncertain parameters. Recent developments in numerical optimal control enable the efficient computation of numerical solutions for optimization problems with multiple agents, nonlinear dynamics, and a broad class of objectives. This facilitates the application of more realistic, equipment‐based combat models, which track both more realistic models, which track both agent motion and dynamic equipment capabilities. We present such a framework, along with a described algorithm for finding numerical solutions, and a numerical example.     

履带车辆转向功率与直驶功率对比分析

履带车辆转向与轮式车辆转向有着本质的区别.履带车辆转向时的功率消耗较直线行驶功率消耗要大的多.提出了转向功率比的概念,建立了考虑高速履带滑转、低速履带滑移条件下履带车辆转向功率比的计算模型.通过对模型简化与推导,得到考虑履带滑转、滑移实际条件的模型与不考虑履带滑转、滑移理论模型的等价关系.对安装不同转向机构履带车辆的转向功率比进行了分析.通过在3种典型地面条件下对现有的具有有限个规定转向半径车型的示例计算,得到履带车辆转向功率消耗为直线行驶功率消耗的1.63～3.24倍的结论.     

Data-driven prediction of plate velocities and plate deformation of explosive reactive armor

Explosive reactive armor (ERA) is currently being actively developed as a protective system for mobile devices against ballistic threats such as kinetic energy penetrators and shaped-charge jets. Considering mobility, the aim is to design a protection system with a minimal amount of required mass. The efficiency of an ERA is sensitive to the impact position and the timing of the detonation. Therefore, different designs have to be tested for several impact scenarios to identify the best design. Since analytical models are not predicting the behavior of the ERA accurately enough and experiments, as well as numerical simulations, are too time-consuming, a data-driven model to estimate the displacements and deformation of plates of an ERA system is proposed here. The ground truth for the artificial neural network (ANN) is numerical simulation results that are validated with experiments. The ANN approximates the plate positions for different materials, plate sizes, and detonation point positions with sufficient accuracy in real-time. In a future investigation, the results from the model can be used to estimate the interaction of the ERA with a given threat. Then, a measure for the effectiveness of an ERA can be calculated. Finally, an optimal ERA can be designed and analyzed for any possible impact scenario in negligible time.     

智能水雷主动干扰方法研究

针对传统的扫雷方法在清除智能化水雷引信方面存在的不足,分析了利用主动干扰信号反水雷的思路,通过分析智能引信的工作机理及在干扰背景下对目标信号的检测能力,建立了基于奈曼-皮尔逊准则的主动干扰反水雷模型.针对水雷磁引信,选择电极式电磁扫雷具为干扰源,以中型舰船为保护对象,通过计算三者的相互位置与信噪比的关系,以及水雷检测出...     

多鱼雷攻击多目标的可攻性判据及占位参数优化

本文建立了一套系统解决单艇用多鱼雷攻击多目标的可攻击判据和求解对应优化占位参数的方法。本文的研究中采用了独特的分析坐标系,这样在解决和建立可攻击判据的问题上,不仅避免了繁杂的数值计算,还给出了完备的解析解形式及系统化的概念。所得结论对发展现代潜艇鱼雷攻击战术和实现作战决策科学化具有一定的学术价值和实用意义。     

英语命题句的写作策略

英语命题句是话语序列建构的形式标准。话语序列中的每一个句子或者每一个句子的底层命题都必须直接或者间接地满足命题句的各个要素。命题句是一个主题节点,是段落的控制中心。整体语段要映射命题句所确定的各个要素。命题句既具有内向控制性,又具有外向控制性。命题句对语篇生成和理解都是必不可少的,是形成可理解连贯语篇的首要条件。作文要写得流畅清晰,就要学习和掌握如何选择和写作命题句。命题句要结构合理,逻辑严谨、用词简单明了。     

模糊多属性群决策与潜艇作战方案优选

分析了潜艇作战方案的优选实质是一个模糊多属性的群决策过程,建立了模糊多属性群决策的一般模型,介绍了一种以模糊理想解与模糊负理想解同时作为参照基准,以海明距离作为测度工具,以相对贴近度作为衡量标准的模糊折衷型多属性群决策方法,应用实例表明此方法可行有效。