空间光通信粗瞄系统的扰动估计与补偿

粗瞄系统以直流力矩电机驱动二维转台为执行机构,通过粗瞄控制器对其进行控制。对系统受到的扰动进行分析,应用了最速跟踪微分器提取速度信号;以二维转台的方位轴为控制对象,在其位置环、速度环采用级联线性自抗扰控制器,通过线性扩张状态观测器主动补偿扰动,达到内外环双重隔离扰动的目的,提高跟踪精度;之后进行了实验分析。分析结果表明:在加入同样的模拟扰动信号,输入2 Hz,5 Hz和8 Hz的正弦信号时,与比例、微分、积分控制器相比,跟踪误差的标准差约降低50%;验证了线性扩张状态观测器具有扰动补偿效果;在输入不同频率正弦信号时,自抗扰控制器对输入信号频率的变化不敏感,仍能保证较高的跟踪精度。     

基于自抗扰控制的微型导弹导引控制一体化设计

针对微型导弹动力学参数具有不确定性以及在攻击目标的过程中系统存在未知扰动问题,应用自抗扰控制技术,在对导弹俯仰和偏航两个通道进行一体化建模的基础上,设计了一种能够对微型导弹系统的不确定参数和干扰进行实时估计并补偿的控制器。微型导弹在自抗扰控制器的作用下高效地完成了对机动目标的攻击。仿真结果表明,此控制器能够达到很好的控制效果且能有效地提高导弹的制导精度。     

遥控武器站的自抗扰控制

遥控武器站系统是一个具有强后坐力、变摩擦力和变转动惯量的非线性系统,采用自抗扰控制技术对该系统进行稳定控制.系统利用自抗扰控制器的扩张状态观测器,对系统未建模特性和不确定性外扰进行动态估计和反馈补偿,提高了系统的抗干扰能力.实物系统稳定控制实验结果表明,所设计的自抗扰控制器具有良好的动态品质和较强的抗干扰性能,系统实现...     

自抗扰控制在陆战平台电子信息中的建模与应用

火力控制系统是在陆战平台上重要的电子信息功能系统.自抗扰控制技术将非线性滤波与非线性控制技术融于一体,通过其中的扩张状态观测器对未知系统扰动进行估计,实现系统的自抗扰特性,并具有鲁棒性.提出了自抗扰控制技术在坦克炮控系统中的应用方案,可以实现提高火炮稳定精度、精密跟踪和高精度调炮等多项功能.     

某型步战车炮控系统的新型LADRC控制器设计

针对工程实际中量测输出含有噪声这一问题,设计了以带有滤波器的新型扩张状态观测器为核心的新型线性自抗扰(LADRC)控制器。基于某型步战车实测数据,运用递推最小二乘法对模型参数进行辨识,从而得到炮控系统模型。分别用PID控制器,LADRC控制器和新型LADRC控制器进行了仿真。结果表明,新型LADRC的抗扰性和鲁棒性优于PID;当输出加入量测噪声时新型LADRC比LADRC控制效果有改善,两者都能够在保持控制系统原有特性基础上大幅提升炮控系统的稳定精度。     

改进二阶自抗扰控制器在永磁同步电机上的仿真应用

对使用二阶自抗扰(Sencond-order Active Disturbance Rejection Controller,ADRC)控制器的PMSM矢量控制系统而言,当负载转矩变化大时,ESO对负载的估计误差也较高。改进永磁同步电机矢量控制系统的二阶ADRC控制器以提高二阶自抗扰控制器的抗负载扰动能力。通过改进并结合负载转矩观测器到永磁同步电机控制中,在二阶自抗扰控制器中对扰动进行部分补偿,进而提升了二阶自抗扰控制器抗扰动的能力,使得矢量控制系统性能提高。仿真结果同样支持这一结果。     

坦克稳定器的自抗扰控制算法

为解决坦克稳定器中存在的传动间隙、干摩擦等强非线性问题,提高系统的鲁棒性,基于自抗扰控制器(ADRC)原理,提出了适用于坦克稳定器的自抗扰控制器,并进行了计算机仿真和试验验证。证明了自抗扰控制算法在坦克稳定器设计中的可行性。     

随动定向战斗部的抗振动冲击控制研究

针对现有抗扰方法不易抵消随动定向战斗部在工作中受到的振动与冲击干扰的问题,在分析随动定向战斗部工作时振动冲击干扰类型与特点的基础上,提出了一种粗糙单神经元自抗扰控制器。利用单神经元自抗扰控制器和粗糙控制器,提升系统抗振动扰动能力,抵消大过载大冲击的影响。双自由度伺服开发平台仿真显示,相较于普通自抗扰控制器,粗糙单神经元自抗扰控制器能够较好地改善随动系统控制性能,抑制振动与冲击干扰,提高了随动定向战斗部工作时的稳定性。     

伞翼无人机线性自抗扰高度控制

针对伞翼无人机参数不确定性和复杂环境干扰敏感的问题,提出一种伞翼无人机线性自抗扰(Linear Active Disturbance Rejection Control,LADRC)高度控制方法。建立伞翼无人机8自由度飞行动力学模型,并引入风场和降雨模型以更加准确地模拟真实飞行环境。基于LADRC确定总体控制架构,设计线性扩张状态观测器对所有扰动进行估计,并引入误差反馈率在控制中实时补偿。使用该控制方法在多种扰动工况下进行伞翼无人机高度控制仿真实验。仿真结果表明,基于LADRC的高度控制方法能够有效克服内扰和外扰的影响,实现高精度高度控制;与传统PID控制效果相比,LADRC控制器具有更好的抗扰能力和鲁棒性。     

永磁直线同步电机伺服系统自抗扰反步控制器

为了提高永磁直线同步电机伺服系统的鲁棒性,提出基于自抗扰思想的反步控制器。将永磁直线同步电机伺服系统中的未建模动态和外界扰动定义为总和扰动,并扩充为系统新的状态变量。设计了线性扩张状态观测器估计不可直接测量的直线电机动子速度以及总和扰动,证明并分析了设计的线性扩张状态观测器的收敛性和估计误差。利用线性扩张状态观测器的输出,基于动态补偿线性化思想设计了反步控制器。证明了考虑线性扩张状态观测器估计误差的闭环反馈控制系统的稳定性。在Googol公司的实验平台上,验证了设计的自抗扰反步控制器的可行性。     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

The UK,interrogation and Iraq, 2003–2008

The UK’s interrogation operations during the conflict in Iraq (2003–2008) are often portrayed by the media as involving significant amounts of mistreatment. This article demonstrates that these practices are not necessarily representative of the UK’s interrogation operations across this conflict. In doing so it contributes to the limited literature on the practice of interrogation and on the UK’s combat operations in Iraq. The UK’s interrogation capability, and therefore its intelligence-gathering capability, is shown to have rested primarily with the military’s Joint Forward Interrogation Team (JFIT). The JFIT suffered from limitations to the number, training and experience of its interrogators and interpreters. It is argued that maintaining a permanent, higher level of preparedness for interrogation by the British armed forces is desirable.     

Remembering and forgetting Mirambo: Histories of war in modern Africa

ABSTRACT

While the study of organised violence is considered essential to understanding the history of the West, and accordingly imbued with various layers of meaning and remembrance, war is widely regarded as inimical to the modern nation in Africa and stable development more broadly. Using examples drawn from primarily from East Africa, this paper considers the ways in which warfare in the deeper (‘precolonial’) past has been framed and envisioned in recent decades, in particular by governments whose own roots lie in revolutionary armed struggle and who began life as guerrilla movements. While in some cases particular elements of the deeper past were indeed mobilised in pursuit of contemporary political goals, in many other scenarios histories of precolonial violence were beheld as problematic and unworthy of remembrance. This paper highlights the paradox and ambiguity which has attended the memory of key aspects of Africa’s deeper past.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

SIM—LISP:一个通信网络管理专家系统外壳的设计与实现

本文介绍了笔者为开发名为OONMES的网络管理专家系统所实现的一个简单专家系统工具SIM-LISP。SIM-LISP是一个用C/C++语言来实现的模拟LISP语言的可调用函数集,它短小精巧,速度快,可以完成针对网管专家系统的事实或规则知识的表示、匹配、合一和推理等基本操作,并有与知识对象的连接功能,是网管专家系统内核实现的支撑环境。     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

Al Qaida on the US invasion of Afghanistan in their own words

This article consists of selected translations from captured interviews and dairies of Al Qaida members. The time period covered is from mid-2001 to early 2002 and concerns their operations in Afghanistan. The material clearly conveys a range of emotion, from confident to despondent, as well as efforts to contest the US actions. The first several pages give the reader context and some possible “lessons learned,” but the story(ies) are best told by the Al Qaida members themselves. All names are pseudonyms.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.