一种适于片上路由器的自适应缓冲调整策略

在典型的片上网络路由节点中,来自不同方向的报文被存储在相互独立的缓冲资源中。在网络负载不均衡的情况下,某些方向的报文将很快填满该方向的缓冲,而其他方向仍可能有较多的缓冲资源处于空闲状态,这样就导致了网络中的缓冲资源利用率不高,进而影响片上网络的整体性能。提出了一种自适应的片上缓冲调整策略,能够根据网络负载情况动态调节缓冲结构,有效地提高了缓冲资源的利用率。在90nmCMOS工艺下设计实现了多端口共享缓冲资源的片上网络路由器,实验结果表明,在负载不均衡的网络中,提出的路由器能够带来性能改进及功耗降低;在达到相同性能的情况下,新路由器的面积较典型路由器减少了20.3%,而其缓冲功耗节约了41%左右。     

一种基于层次位线缓冲的异步片上路由器

片上缓存资源是片上路由器的重要组成部分,其结构好坏直接关系到片上互联网络的实现复杂度、整体性能及功耗开销。鉴于异步电路的握手工作方式,异步路由器一般采用基于移位寄存器的异步FIFO(First In First Out)实现片上缓冲,这种结构导致了报文传输延迟及数据翻转次数增加。提出一种基于层次位线缓冲的异步FIFO结构,设计实现了一种新的异步路由器结构。相对于传统异步路由器,新的异步路由器能够有效降低路由器设计的硬件复杂度,减少数据的冗余翻转,降低功耗。实验结果表明在相同配置的情况下,新异步路由器面积降低了39.3%;当异步FIFO深度为8的时候,新异步路由器能够获得41.1%的功耗降低。     

一种面向应用的NOC缓冲区分配算法

片上互连网络是片上通信问题的有效解决方案,但其存在严重的资源限制.输入缓冲区占据片上网络总面积的显著部分,同时其容量大小对不同应用映射后获得的性能有重要影响.给出一种面向应用数据负载的NOC缓冲区分配算法,针对不同的应用映射,该算法可以根据数据流量分布特征实现各个路由器输入通道上缓冲区资源的定制分配.实验结果表明,使用该算法后,系统缓冲区资源得到了更有效的利用.与均匀分配缓冲区的NOC系统相比,采用该算法实现的缓冲区分配方案使系统在保持性能变化不大的情况下,能够节省约50%的缓冲区总容量.     

支持高效组播的高性能路由器QoS机制研究与实现

研究并提出一种有效支持组播的高性能路由器QoS机制QoS RESM,该机制以多阈值机制为基础,考虑远程转发引擎的拥塞状态信息,引入全局控制反馈机制,有效完成了高性能路由器上支持组播的流量控制。最后描述QoS RESM在基于网络处理器的核心路由器上的实现方法。     

片上多核处理器的双向环设计与物理实现

针对少量强核构成的片上多核处理器,设计了一种双向环。该结构包含5个不同类型的环链路层,分别用于传输命令、大量数据以及小量数据;采用源路由方式,并设计了专门的拥塞控制网络,防止报文的相互覆盖;路由器采用无缓冲无阻塞结构,单节拍通过环的每个跳步,以降低环的传输延迟并实现可预知的确定延迟传输。针对环的链路距离长位宽大的挑战,通过实验选择了合理的中继器插入方法,并采用相邻导线交替插入反相器以信号线反向交错排布等串扰优化等方法,对环进行了物理设计和和长链路进行了延时优化。最终实现结果表明,本文所设计的环达到了1GHz的工作主频,并具备高达256GByte/s的链路带宽,完全满足高性能数字信号处理的需求。     

一种无缓冲的光互连网络的吞吐率性能分析及优化

针对当前高性能计算机光互连网络中存在的光缓冲不易实现的问题,提出了一种无缓冲的光互连网络结构BOIN,并在对网络结构进行建模和分析的基础上,研究了网络的吞吐率随不同的输入负载和网络规模而变化的规律,给出了在一定的互连总规模和输入负载下,网络实际吞吐率达到最大值时网络拓扑结构所必须满足的条件.最后用模拟实验证明了这一结果的正确性.     

片上多核处理器的非阻塞环设计与物理实现

针对少量强核构成的片上多核处理器,设计了一种非阻塞双向环结构。该结构包含5层3种不同类型的环链路层,分别用于传输命令、大量数据以及小量数据;采用源路由方式,设计专门的拥塞控制网络,防止报文的相互覆盖;路由器采用无缓冲无阻塞结构,单节拍通过环的每个跳步,以降低环的传输延迟并实现可预知的确定延迟传输。针对环的链路距离长、位宽大的挑战,通过实验选择了合理的中继器插入方法,并采用相邻导线交替插入反相器以及信号线反向交错排布等串扰优化方法,对环进行物理设计和长链路进行延时优化。最终实现结果表明,所设计的环达到了1 GHz的工作主频,并具备高达256 GByte/s的链路带宽,完全满足高性能数字信号处理的需求。     

一种基于节点资源利用率的无标度网络路由策略

本文研究了节点负载处理能力异质条件下的无标度网络交通动力学过程,提出了一种基于节点资源利用率的全局动态路由策略。该策略利用网络中节点资源利用率构建了一种全局代价函数,选择使该代价函数最小的路径来传输负载。实验结果表明该路由策略在略微增加平均路径长度的情况下成倍地提高了网络负载传输能力,与有效路由策略的比较进一步验证了该策略的有效性。     

一种基于吞吐量变化的OpenFlow网络自适应测量算法

以OpenFlow为代表的软件定义网络(SDN)通过将控制平面和数据平面分离来简化网络任务管理。OpenFlow周期性通过控制器对交换机转发的流量进行信息统计,依据统计信息可以进行网络测量。由于周期性的测量在网络流量突发时会导致测量的准确性降低,在网络状态平稳时控制器与交换机间的资源浪费。针对以上问题,提出一种基于吞吐量变化的自适应的网络测量算法。该算法通过计算吞吐量的变化率,动态地调整测量周期,保证了网络波动时测量的准确性,并在网络平稳时降低了控制器的开销。最后通过仿真实验与周期性的测量进行比较,实验结果表明自适应测量算法在网络波动时能够及时的发现网络变化,同时该方法的测量开销比周期性测量开销大大减少。     

强化学习框架下移动自组织网络分步路由算法

移动自组织网络是一种无基础设施、由移动通信节点组成的无线网络,具有高动态特性。传统的路由协议并不能适应节点移动性带来的频繁拓扑变化,简单的洪泛路由也会因开销过大降低网络的性能。针对如何在移动自组织网络中自适应地进行路由选择,提出强化学习框架下的分步路由选择算法。该算法以最小链路总往返时延为目标,基于强化学习进行路由搜寻,在筛选出符合目标需求节点集合的基础上,结合置信度选择路由。在链路变得不可靠时,数据包被广播给筛选出的邻居节点集以提升路由可靠性并降低开销。对提出的算法在分组到达率和路由开销等主要性能指标进行数值仿真分析。仿真结果表明,提出的分步路由算法相比于基于强化学习的智能鲁棒路由,在降低开销的同时,保持着相当的吞吐率。     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Panjwai: a tale of two COINs in Afghanistan

The US Army has two approaches to counterinsurgency operations in Afghanistan. One is hard, or combat-focused, and the other is soft, or development-focused. This study examines two US Army task forces deployed to Panjwai District, Afghanistan from 2012 to 2013. CTF 4-9 and 1-38 offer a meaningful comparison because they pursued these contrasting approaches among the same population and against the same enemy at the same time and place. The study compares each unit’s approach and finds that neither approach was successful absent the other. The article concludes by recommending further research into combining the approaches at the operational level.