基于BN-and-BP神经网络融合的陆空联合作战效能评估

针对陆空联合作战效能评估问题,构建了具有6个二级评估指标和18个三级评估指标的综合评估指标体系。利用BP神经网络的度量方法,对三级指标进行评估,有效降低了变量个数。采用贝叶斯网络的度量方法,通过专家确定网络结构,利用蒙特卡罗算法确定条件概率表CPT,建立了陆空联合作战的综合效能评估模型,有效克服了AHP法和贝叶斯网络单独进行作战效能评估的不足。仿真结果说明,该评估模型性能良好,具有一定的科学性和可操作性。     

航空加权网络抗毁性综合评估方法

根据目前网络抗毁性研究中指标单一、网络无权等不足,针对航空网络的特点,以流量为边权,提出了一种多指标的航空网络抗毁性评估方法。基于网络吞吐量、相似权网络流量、节点相邻边权重分布分别构建了鲁棒性度量、网络效率度量、网络适应性度量。最后通过建立西北地区航空网络进行仿真,结果表明:西北地区航空网络具有与星型网络相似的性能,鲁棒性较差,网络效率较好,咸阳和乌鲁木齐作为中心节点,具有较好的主抗性能。实验结果证明了该评估方法的有效性。     

装备保障能力评估指标选择方法研究

针对当前装备保障能力评估指标选择方法存在主观性较大、评估精度低、评估结果一致性差等问题,提出了3种装备保障能力评估指标确定方法。依据面向能力的思路,通过对能力、性能与特性关系的分析提出了指标确定方法;基于本体论与文本挖掘技术,对装备保障能力相关文本的特征进行表示和提取,最后定义合适的文本挖掘泛化规则提炼出评估指标和权重;利用FP-Growth关联规则和模糊贝叶斯网络建立混合模型获取评估指标及权重,最后通过案例验证各方法的客观性、有效性和一致性。     

动态模糊Petri网下的Ad hoc风险评估

Ad hoc网络具有无中心、无基础设施等特点,其安全面临严峻挑战。对Ad hoc网络安全进行评估,可为其安全性能提升与走向实际应用提供参考。对Ad hoc网络安全进行分析,提出了基于模糊Petri网的评估模型。通过引入变迁阈值和变迁支持度的策略,可自动灵活调整指标权重与指标体系结构,提高评估模型的准确度、灵敏度和适应性;充分利用Petri网和矩阵并行运算特点,给出了模糊规则的推理算法,提高了计算速度。     

融合跟踪系统性能的综合评估

首先通过分析融合跟踪系统的性能评估需求,并结合已有性能评估指标,制定出一组相对完备的评估指标.使用时间加权平均的方法,详细描述了各指标的定义及其计算方法;其次,基于该组指标提出了系统性能的模糊综合评价方法,说明了该评价方法的原理及其在融合跟踪系统性能评估中的具体实现.对融合跟踪系统的测试实验表明,指标体系设置合理,评估方法可操作性强.     

基于主成分分析法的舰炮武器人机交互性能评估

针对舰炮武器人机界面特点及现状,提出了基于主成分分析的人机交互性能评估方法。建立了合理的人机交互性能评估指标,结合实例提出了应用主成分分析法进行人机交互性能评估的方法和步骤,并给出了评估结果。与传统求均值方法相比,该方法避免了人为确定权重的主观性及各指标间存在相关性的问题,提高评估结果的准确性和科学性,为武器装备人机交互性能评估提供了技术支撑。     

分布式网络环境下雷达网的网络性能分析

在分布式网络环境下,对雷达网的性能评估是雷达网对抗论证和战术研究的重要组成部分。从复杂网络理论的角度研究了此系统的组成、特性,提出了它的网络结构及性能层次模型,以全新的角度去解决系统的评估问题。对网络结构模型的信息传输能力进行了仿真试验。仿真结果表明,网络模型能够正确指导系统的结构组建及性能评估。根据网络性能层次模型,应用最优指标法,实现了该系统网络综合性能的量化评估。     

数字化部队作战指挥通信网络组网效能评估研究

通过对数字化部队作战指挥通信网络的业务分析,根据语音、数据传输性能不同的评价方法,建立数字化部队作战指挥通信网络效能评估模型。运用该模型,对美军数字化部队分队指挥通信各种组网性能进行了定量分析和定性评估,得出了不同作战条件最佳的组网方案。其评估方法与模型对我军数字化部队作战指挥通信网络系统的建设具有重要的理论参考价值。     

机载雷达低截获波形射频隐身性能评估

低截获波形作为实现机载雷达射频隐身性能的重要技术手段,评估其射频隐身能力变得愈加重要。为了避免单一指标的片面性以及贴合实际作战的考虑,提出了一种基于发射方的机载雷达低截获波形射频隐身性能定量评估方法。从信号波形本身的性质和辐射过程中射频隐身性能出发,通过相对熵和波形截获因子的加权,构建出波形射频隐身表征因子。最后,利用该评估方法对4种机载低截获波形进行了仿真实验,结果表明,该方法对于机载雷达低截获波形的射频隐身性能具有很好的度量作用。     

多指标综合评估决策的一种新方法

为了解决评估决策过程中不同类型指标难以综合处理等问题,提出一种新的评估决策方法。该方法以投影技术为基础,将实数指标、区间型指标和模糊型指标综合起来,形成评估矩阵,并根据指标优劣差异对其进行规范化处理;然后通过各方案在某个指标下的评估差异值的大小确定该指标的权重,由此得出各方案在正负理想点上的投影,实现待评方案综合排序。以网络质量综合评估决策为例,对其基本原理和实施步骤进行了分析。实验结果表明:该方法是有效的,为多种类型指标综合评估决策提供了一种新思路。     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

The UK,interrogation and Iraq, 2003–2008

The UK’s interrogation operations during the conflict in Iraq (2003–2008) are often portrayed by the media as involving significant amounts of mistreatment. This article demonstrates that these practices are not necessarily representative of the UK’s interrogation operations across this conflict. In doing so it contributes to the limited literature on the practice of interrogation and on the UK’s combat operations in Iraq. The UK’s interrogation capability, and therefore its intelligence-gathering capability, is shown to have rested primarily with the military’s Joint Forward Interrogation Team (JFIT). The JFIT suffered from limitations to the number, training and experience of its interrogators and interpreters. It is argued that maintaining a permanent, higher level of preparedness for interrogation by the British armed forces is desirable.     

Remembering and forgetting Mirambo: Histories of war in modern Africa

ABSTRACT

While the study of organised violence is considered essential to understanding the history of the West, and accordingly imbued with various layers of meaning and remembrance, war is widely regarded as inimical to the modern nation in Africa and stable development more broadly. Using examples drawn from primarily from East Africa, this paper considers the ways in which warfare in the deeper (‘precolonial’) past has been framed and envisioned in recent decades, in particular by governments whose own roots lie in revolutionary armed struggle and who began life as guerrilla movements. While in some cases particular elements of the deeper past were indeed mobilised in pursuit of contemporary political goals, in many other scenarios histories of precolonial violence were beheld as problematic and unworthy of remembrance. This paper highlights the paradox and ambiguity which has attended the memory of key aspects of Africa’s deeper past.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

SIM—LISP:一个通信网络管理专家系统外壳的设计与实现

本文介绍了笔者为开发名为OONMES的网络管理专家系统所实现的一个简单专家系统工具SIM-LISP。SIM-LISP是一个用C/C++语言来实现的模拟LISP语言的可调用函数集,它短小精巧,速度快,可以完成针对网管专家系统的事实或规则知识的表示、匹配、合一和推理等基本操作,并有与知识对象的连接功能,是网管专家系统内核实现的支撑环境。     

Al Qaida on the US invasion of Afghanistan in their own words

This article consists of selected translations from captured interviews and dairies of Al Qaida members. The time period covered is from mid-2001 to early 2002 and concerns their operations in Afghanistan. The material clearly conveys a range of emotion, from confident to despondent, as well as efforts to contest the US actions. The first several pages give the reader context and some possible “lessons learned,” but the story(ies) are best told by the Al Qaida members themselves. All names are pseudonyms.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.