坦克火力运用智能系统目标威胁度评估模块

随着科学技术的发展,未来战争将有更多的智能化武器出现,坦克火力运用智能化将是坦克火力系统的发展方向,而目标威胁度评估是该系统的核心模块.应用BP神经网络建立了坦克目标威胁度评估模型,对影响因素进行了分析与预处理,并构造了3组训练样本.利用MATLAB7.0中神经网络工具箱的图形用户界面GUI对样本和影响因素进行训练、仿真.结果表明,BP神经网络模型能很好地解决坦克目标威胁程度与影响因素之间的非线性关系,评估坦克目标威胁度有很强的客观性和科学性,对未来坦克火力运用智能系统的建设具有一定的借鉴作用.     

面向城市作战的坦克分队多目标威胁评估

针对传统TOPSIS方法在解决坦克分队战场目标威胁评估时所包含评估指标信息不完整的问题,提出了利用直觉模糊熵改进的TOPSIS多目标威胁评估方法。根据城市作战特点建立坦克分队战场目标威胁评估指标体系,明确评估指标评价语言与直觉模糊数之间的对应关系,利用组合赋权法确定评估指标权重,利用直觉模糊熵改进的TOPSIS方法对城市作战中坦克分队单时刻、多目标威胁评估进行仿真分析,得出最终的目标威胁排序。结果表明,所提算法包含评估指标评价信息完整,并能对决策者风险偏好进行灵敏度分析,灵活性强,可靠性高。     

基于图像信息的坦克目标姿态估计技术研究

信息化条件下的战争要求坦克具有网络化打击的能力,能自主完成威胁评估和火力分配任务。这些任务以获取敌方目标的火力指向、攻防状态等信息为前提,与姿态信息相关联,因此,研究坦克姿态估计技术意义重大。对现有的一些单目姿态估计方法进行分类;讨论了部分方法估计坦克姿态的可行性;阐述了坦克姿态估计存在的问题和难点;对姿态估计技术提出了建议,供后续的研究参考。     

熵权灰色关联分析法的坦克夜间射击目标选择

针对夜间战场上坦克目标威胁评估问题,结合多目标决策问题,将熵权和灰色关联分析法相结合,提出一种基于熵权灰色关联分析的坦克夜间射击目标选择模型,并详细给出了该算法的思想、算法.该方法克服了传统评估算法中主观赋值的缺陷,最后利用实例证明了该方法的有效性.     

基于集对分析的坦克多目标威胁评估方法

针对在未来陆战场复杂多样的局势下,坦克应具备对敌目标实时准确威胁评估的能力。基于客观的熵权法和模糊的集对分析方法,提出坦克的战场威胁评估方法。能够在基于客观目标分析的基础上,引入熵的概念来决定威胁评估的权重分布,在评估过程中考虑到评估自身的随机性与不确定性,采用区间数的形式,利用模糊的集对分析方法,进行评估过程中的计算,达到简单快速的计算过程。经应用实例计算证明,该方法具备相当准确性,评估结果合理,评估方式灵活实用,可满足评估的实时性需求。     

坦克分队目标打击价值指标数理研究

坦克分队目标打击价值的确定,是实现坦克分队作战指挥的自动决策和科学决策先决条件。利用线性简化与标度法等方法,从目标的直接威胁与间接威胁、武器自身能力特性、目标相对特性、环境特性等方面对目标价值进行量化研究。量化结果可为坦克分队目标打击排序与火力的合理分配提供数据支持。     

基于动态贝叶斯网络的无人战车目标威胁评估

针对传统地面目标威胁评估方法考虑目标类型单一、易受人为主观因素影响且多为静态评估的问题,提出一种基于动态贝叶斯网络的无人战车目标威胁评估方法.分析了无人战车作战问题,选取合理的目标特征并进行模糊处理;根据选取的目标特征,结合专家知识,建立了威胁评估的静态贝叶斯网络;基于动态贝叶斯网络理论,将已建立的静态贝叶斯网络扩展为动态贝叶斯网络;最后,结合算例进行了仿真,并将动态评估结果与静态结果进行对比,表明基于动态贝叶斯网络的威胁评估准确率高、鲁棒性强,更适用于高动态强对抗的实际战场环境.     

基于云模型的坦克射击目标选择研究

由于现代战斗中大量使用各种先进的武器系统和技术装备,我坦克在战场上面临多种不同种类、不同价值、不同威胁程度的射击目标。然而,战场情形瞬息万变,需要考虑的因素错综复杂,因此,需要一种能够应用于指挥控制系统的射击目标选择方法来辅助坦克乘员进行射击目标选择。尝试应用构建云模型的方法对坦克射击目标的特点进行分析,从而得出备选目标的一组排序。     

未来战场坦克的5大“克星”

现代高技术条件下的几场局部战争告诉人们,坦克仍然是地面作战的主要力量。坦克在地面战场上的突出作用,使得反坦克武器成为发展的重点。以下是目前外军着力发展的几种高技术反坦克兵器。 “超级煞星”:作战飞机 世界各国的作战飞机大多都装备有各种型号的空对地导弹、激光制导炸弹及集束炸弹等,既可攻击地面目标,也可攻击装甲目标。因此对坦克形成了较大的威胁,是坦克的“超级煞星”。 在现代高技术局部战争中,作战飞机对坦克的威胁最大,已经成为坦克的致命武器。     

坦克分队目标战场价值评估指标体系

可靠的目标战场价值评估是坦克分队进行最优火力分配的基本依据,科学的评估体系则是进行战场价值评估的基本保证。本文分析了目标战场价值评估体系的层次结构,提出了一种基于Delphi专家征询与层次分析法相结合的指标权重推算方法。以某次进攻战斗为例,组织专家进行测评,推算了相应的权重系数,验证了评估体系的科学性。     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

The UK,interrogation and Iraq, 2003–2008

The UK’s interrogation operations during the conflict in Iraq (2003–2008) are often portrayed by the media as involving significant amounts of mistreatment. This article demonstrates that these practices are not necessarily representative of the UK’s interrogation operations across this conflict. In doing so it contributes to the limited literature on the practice of interrogation and on the UK’s combat operations in Iraq. The UK’s interrogation capability, and therefore its intelligence-gathering capability, is shown to have rested primarily with the military’s Joint Forward Interrogation Team (JFIT). The JFIT suffered from limitations to the number, training and experience of its interrogators and interpreters. It is argued that maintaining a permanent, higher level of preparedness for interrogation by the British armed forces is desirable.     

Remembering and forgetting Mirambo: Histories of war in modern Africa

ABSTRACT

While the study of organised violence is considered essential to understanding the history of the West, and accordingly imbued with various layers of meaning and remembrance, war is widely regarded as inimical to the modern nation in Africa and stable development more broadly. Using examples drawn from primarily from East Africa, this paper considers the ways in which warfare in the deeper (‘precolonial’) past has been framed and envisioned in recent decades, in particular by governments whose own roots lie in revolutionary armed struggle and who began life as guerrilla movements. While in some cases particular elements of the deeper past were indeed mobilised in pursuit of contemporary political goals, in many other scenarios histories of precolonial violence were beheld as problematic and unworthy of remembrance. This paper highlights the paradox and ambiguity which has attended the memory of key aspects of Africa’s deeper past.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

SIM—LISP:一个通信网络管理专家系统外壳的设计与实现

本文介绍了笔者为开发名为OONMES的网络管理专家系统所实现的一个简单专家系统工具SIM-LISP。SIM-LISP是一个用C/C++语言来实现的模拟LISP语言的可调用函数集,它短小精巧,速度快,可以完成针对网管专家系统的事实或规则知识的表示、匹配、合一和推理等基本操作,并有与知识对象的连接功能,是网管专家系统内核实现的支撑环境。     

Al Qaida on the US invasion of Afghanistan in their own words

This article consists of selected translations from captured interviews and dairies of Al Qaida members. The time period covered is from mid-2001 to early 2002 and concerns their operations in Afghanistan. The material clearly conveys a range of emotion, from confident to despondent, as well as efforts to contest the US actions. The first several pages give the reader context and some possible “lessons learned,” but the story(ies) are best told by the Al Qaida members themselves. All names are pseudonyms.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.