水中微气泡上浮过程的力学影响因子研究

从受力分析的角度,对气泡运动方程进行了推导,并对半径在40~500μm之间的微小气泡上浮过程进行了仿真计算。结果表明,当半径小于500μm、气泡上浮距离大于0.1 m时,可忽略加速过程对气泡上浮速度的影响。在此基础上,对气泡运动方程进行了详细分析,结果表明,阻力系数与粘滞系数是影响气泡上浮速度的主要因素,它们的取值与上浮速度成反比,并得出了Re≤150条件下的微气泡运动通用的阻力系数表达式。     

低调谐增益变化的10 GHz电感电容式压控振荡器设计

基于0.18μm CMOS工艺,设计了一种应用于无线通信和雷达系统的低变化调谐增益的电感电容式压控振荡器。该电路包括分布式偏置可变电容阵列和开关电容阵列,合理选择偏置电压扩展电容-电压曲线覆盖范围,在整个调谐电压范围内,可有效降低调谐增益。三位开关电容阵列将整个可调频率范围分为8个子频带,通过控制可变电容实现子频带内频率的调谐范围。同时采用开关可变电容阵列,有效抑制了电感电容式压控振荡器调谐增益的变化。基于1P6M 0.18μm工艺模型的后仿真结果显示该10 GHz压控振荡器调谐增益变化率表现优异,低至21.5%,调谐频率范围为9.13～11.15 GHz,同时该压控振荡器能够实现较低的直流功耗9 m W(1.8 V电源电压),相位噪声在10 GHz时为-105 d Bc/Hz@1 MHz。     

起重机吊重摆角的产生机理与动态仿真研究

针对吊重二自由度摆角非线性动力学模型,研究了起重机吊重摆角的产生机理和摆角的影响因素。起重机小车和大车同时做加（减）速的复合运动时,产生吊重二自由度摆角,摆角的大小受起升绳长度和小车运行加（减）速度大小的影响。动态仿真表明：小车运行加（减）速度对摆角的影响比绳长度显著;小车起动和制动时,吊重做受迫摆动;当小车加（减）速度增大l倍时,吊重摆角约增大0．12rad,摆速约增大0．164rad／s;当绳长度增加2m时,摆角和摆速无明显变化,吊重自由摆动的周期约增加1．3s。     

回转体表面不同尺寸脊状结构的减阻数值仿真

将脊状表面减阻技术应用于水下回转体,对回转体表面不同尺寸的V型脊状结构在多个速度下进行了数值仿真计算,发现了脊状结构的尺寸对回转体脊状表面减阻效果的影响规律.针对回转体脊状表面的流场特性,在进行数值仿真时合理选择了计算模型、计算流域、计算网格及边界条件.仿真结果表明:在同一速度下,相对光滑表面而言,回转体脊状表面所受的压差阻力略有增大,但占总阻力份额80%以上的粘性阻力显著降低,从而形成减阻效果;当V型脊状结构的宽高比等于1时,减阻效果最佳;对于同一个回转体脊状表面,低速下的减阻效果明显优于高速.     

一种无需滤波的D类音频功率放大器

传统的D类音频功率放大器都需要外接LC滤波器,从而增加了成本加大了失真。针对高效率、低失真的要求,设计了一种采用求和积分负反馈技术和H桥输出结构代替滤波器功能的电路结构。电路采用CSMC公司的0.6μm BCD工艺模型,基于Cadence仿真平台对电路进行了前仿真,仿真结果表明:在15 V电源电压,输出功率为6 W,8Ω负载下芯片效率高达85%,输出音频信号失真小于0.1%。     

航空兵机场待战截击距离计算方法

针对航空兵机场待战防御敌机空袭问题,分析了截击敌机的基本作战过程与主要事件时间轴,建立了航空兵机场待战截击距离计算模型;围绕使用空空导弹攻击,给出了截击飞机平飞时间、攻击时间求解方法。仿真分析了敌机来袭方向、发现距离、截击飞机与敌机速度比等主要因素对截击距离的影响。结果表明：截击从保卫对象指向机场方向来袭的敌机时,截击距离最小;截击距离随发现距离、截击飞机与敌机速度比的增加而增加,但当发现距离小于一定值时,最小截击距离为0;最小截击距离随速度比的增加最为明显,增幅减小。     

弹体前缘圆孔凹槽有/无喷射流机理研究北大核心

为了研究不同圆孔凹槽直径及有/无喷射流流动机理,采用标准的k-w SST湍流模型数值计算方法进行分析。结果表明:当流体经过圆孔凹槽时,在圆孔凹槽边缘会形成膨胀波和压缩波,在圆孔凹槽内可能会形成涡流结构,并保持低速流体。当圆孔凹槽直径逐渐增加时,引起弹体壁面声速径向距离增加。同时,随着攻角的增大,圆孔凹槽内的静压逐渐降低;圆孔凹槽喷流速度的增加导致凹槽出口会出现激波现象,当喷流速度达到600 m/s时,凹槽出口激波强度明显增加,圆孔凹槽内静压减小。     

弹体前缘圆孔凹槽有/无喷射流机理研究

为了研究不同圆孔凹槽直径及有/无喷射流流动机理,采用标准的k-w SST湍流模型数值计算方法进行分析。结果表明:当流体经过圆孔凹槽时,在圆孔凹槽边缘会形成膨胀波和压缩波,在圆孔凹槽内可能会形成涡流结构,并保持低速流体。当圆孔凹槽直径逐渐增加时,引起弹体壁面声速径向距离增加。同时,随着攻角的增大,圆孔凹槽内的静压逐渐降低;圆孔凹槽喷流速度的增加导致凹槽出口会出现激波现象,当喷流速度达到600 m/s时,凹槽出口激波强度明显增加,圆孔凹槽内静压减小。     

自适应交互式多模型滤波在被动制导中的应用

首先给出了一种更加简单的关于BOM问题的变增益函数的推导,新的增益形式比原先的形式更具有数字稳定性.然后考虑当模型具有不确定性时的被动制导仿真.当模型具有参数不确定时,一般的单模型滤波器已经不能满足制导的性能要求.采用交互式多模型算法,与修正增益扩展卡尔曼滤波器结合,并使用能实时估计量测噪声的Sage-Husa估值器,设计出一种新型自适应交互式多模型修正增益扩展卡尔曼滤波,将其应用到被动制导中,仿真结果表明该方法的优越性和实用性.     

基于均匀线阵的导引头STAP检测研究

针对导引头下视跟踪目标的典型状态,开展了均匀线阵导引头空时自适应处理(STAP)检测研究.在分析空-时信号环境的基础上,建立目标回波与STAP检测模型,并通过仿真对检测性能进行分析,发现当阵列平行于水平面时,STAP能够获得较好的检测性能,可以获得不超过50m/s的最小可检测速度.如果导引头姿态变化,STAP检测性能将会下降,当阵列俯仰角增大到30°时,将难以检测到目标.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.     

The UK,interrogation and Iraq, 2003–2008

The UK’s interrogation operations during the conflict in Iraq (2003–2008) are often portrayed by the media as involving significant amounts of mistreatment. This article demonstrates that these practices are not necessarily representative of the UK’s interrogation operations across this conflict. In doing so it contributes to the limited literature on the practice of interrogation and on the UK’s combat operations in Iraq. The UK’s interrogation capability, and therefore its intelligence-gathering capability, is shown to have rested primarily with the military’s Joint Forward Interrogation Team (JFIT). The JFIT suffered from limitations to the number, training and experience of its interrogators and interpreters. It is argued that maintaining a permanent, higher level of preparedness for interrogation by the British armed forces is desirable.     

Remembering and forgetting Mirambo: Histories of war in modern Africa

ABSTRACT

While the study of organised violence is considered essential to understanding the history of the West, and accordingly imbued with various layers of meaning and remembrance, war is widely regarded as inimical to the modern nation in Africa and stable development more broadly. Using examples drawn from primarily from East Africa, this paper considers the ways in which warfare in the deeper (‘precolonial’) past has been framed and envisioned in recent decades, in particular by governments whose own roots lie in revolutionary armed struggle and who began life as guerrilla movements. While in some cases particular elements of the deeper past were indeed mobilised in pursuit of contemporary political goals, in many other scenarios histories of precolonial violence were beheld as problematic and unworthy of remembrance. This paper highlights the paradox and ambiguity which has attended the memory of key aspects of Africa’s deeper past.