面向侦察任务的无人机机载感知传感器配置与融合综述

无人机侦察需要依赖各类机载传感器提供感知信息,利用多源信息进行优势互补,从而提升无人机感知能力.围绕无人机机载感知传感器配置融合展开综述,首先从无人机平台自身属性、传感器属性、飞行环境和任务类型及需求4个方面分析了传感器配置时需要考虑的要素;其次,设计了基于多目标优化理论的传感器配置融合方法;最后,总结了无人机侦察中常...     

具有多传感器信息融合功能的无人机仿真系统

随着无人机系统的发展,信息融合技术成为提高其机载传感器信息处理能力的有效手段.介绍了一种具有多传感器信息融合功能的无人机仿真系统的设计与实现.该系统采用全数字方法模拟了无人机仿真系统的内容和功能.详细讨论了仿真系统的功能模型和结构模型,对各仿真子系统和软件实现思路进行了介绍.该系统可用于无人机仿真系统中.     

基于CMOS的图像传感技术及其在军事中的应用

随着超大规模集成技术的发展,CMOS图像传感器显示出强劲的发展趋势.CMOS图像传感器具有在单芯片内集成时序和控制电路、A/D转换、信号处理等功能.这里介绍了CMOS图像传感器的结构和工作原理,并与CCD图像传感器进行比较,论述了CMOS图像传感器最新进展及其在军事中的应用.     

多机CEC系统的传感器联网核心技术

对协同传感器联网的基本概念、原理以及重要性进行了阐述,提出了一种分布式无线传感器网络体系结构,对协同传感器管理的基本方法进行了分析与综合,指出了协同传感器方法发展的基本特征和进一步需要研究的问题.CEC传感器网络集成了无线网络通信、嵌入式处理和传感器技术等多项技术,分析了传感器网络的自组织、自适应的特点与需求,并在此基础上就若干关键性技术问题进行了探讨.     

非分光红外(NDIR)传感器技术在火药检测领域的应用

介绍了非分光红外(NDIR)传感器的原理及其仪器设计,分析了火药性能检测的现状和特点,探讨了非分光红外(NDIR)传感器在火药性能检测领域的应用,结合非分光红外(NDIR)传感器性能可靠、操作便捷、经济实惠等特点,预见了非分光红外(NDIR)传感器在火药性能检测领域的应用前景.     

数据挖掘与数据融合相结合的异类信息融合*

针对组网系统中的信息样式多、模糊性强等特点,介绍了分布式异类传感器组网系统及其特点,将数据挖掘中的知识发现理论与数据融合的知识应用理论相结合,建立了异类信息综合处理的集成模型。并提出了基于模糊神经网络的数据挖掘算法,增强了集成模型的自学习性能。模型有效地提高了异类传感器组网系统的智能化、自动化能力。     

基于STK的“全球鹰”无人机成像侦察能力分析与仿真

对"全球鹰"无人机成像侦察载荷能力进行了分析与仿真。首先,总结"全球鹰"无人机侦察载荷的发展历程;其次对"全球鹰"载光电、红外、SAR 3种侦察设备以及MP-RTIP雷达进行了介绍;最后采用STK(Satellite Tool Kit)软件建立相应的场景,对"全球鹰"侦察能力进行可视化仿真设计,得出在同一航线条件下,不同传感器对固定区域的平均覆盖比率不同;仿真结果表明,"全球鹰"无人机采取的侦察航线会对传感器的工作效果产生影响,在作战中,要根据战场实际情况选择合适的传感器。     

传感器与综合火控系统组网的协同作战能力系统

协同作战能力(CEC)系统是美国海军最早使用的与传感器和武器系统组合的网络中心战系统之一.简要介绍了CEC的发展背景,较系统地阐述了传感器组网和综合火控的概念.同时还介绍了CEC系统的配置和复合识别能力,指出CEC用作联合传感器网络基础的可能性.最后,展望了未来先进的传感器网络,并指出了在CEC中发挥网络优势必须解决的两个难题.     

多传感器布局和目标跟踪精度分析

基于目标位置估计的Cramer-Rao限和几何精度稀释(GDOP)来研究组网的多异质非线性传感器系统中,传感器和目标的相对位置对目标跟踪精度的影响.分析表明,除了传感器的测量误差、目标的距离外,传感器到目标视线的夹角大小对目标跟踪精度也有一定的影响,影响的大小和传感器的横向径向测量误差的比值大小有关.结合工程应用,分别对2个和3个不同类型的传感器组合进行了讨论.     

一种基于PDA滤波的多传感器管理算法

由于传感器资源或计算资源的限制,监视系统在跟踪多目标时通常不能同时为每个目标分配所有的传感器.因此,希望在满足目标跟踪性能的前提下尽可能使用较少的传感器.针对PDAF目标跟踪算法的特点,选用目标状态估计协方差的期望作为性能度量,提出了一种基于协方差控制的传感器算法.该算法通过为每个目标选择恰当的传感器组合来实现多传感器对多目标的分配.     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.