一种基于时变噪声统计的异步多速率传感器信息融合算法

以异步多速率传感器信息融合理论和同步单速率传感器时变噪声统计理论为基础,提出了一种适用于时变线性系统的异步多速率传感器时变噪声统计系统的信息融合算法.通过原理分析和数学推导,将异步多速率传感器动态系统建模为同步同速率系统.进而利用噪声统计估值器和相应的自适应Kalman滤波方法进行状态估计,利用联邦分布式数据融合方法进行信息融合,获得基于所有现测信息的最优估计.理论分析和仿真结果均表明,该算法的融合效果优于任一单传感器Kalman滤波的效果.     

基于模型转换的异步空间配准算法

在分布式融合系统中,融合中心在对传感器发送过来的航迹数据进行融合处理前,需要采用空间配准算法来消除航迹数据中可能存在的系统误差.已有的空间配准算法未考虑滤波处理中的状态方程对配准过程的影响.对不同传感器具有不同状态方程条件下的异步空间配准实现进行了研究,采用将模型误差和系统误差合并处理的思路,提出了基于模型转换的异步空间配准(AMCBA)算法.仿真结果表明AMCBA算法能够实现对模型误差和系统误差的准确估计.     

用于机动目标跟踪的分布式多传感器异步融合算法

目前,随着目标机动性能的不断提高,单个传感器越来越难于对目标进行有效地跟踪.分布式多传感器网络是当前国内外研究的热点,也是解决机动目标跟踪的有效途径之一.提出了一种适用于机动目标跟踪的异步融合算法:融合中心采用交互式多模型(IMM)算法,在给定融合周期的基础上,对多传感器数据进行异步融合,得到有效跟踪航路.蒙特卡罗仿真表明,该算法可以有效地改善对机动目标的跟踪性能,可为工程应用提供有益参考.     

复合导引头多源异步信息融合精确拦截算法

针对单一制导体制难以满足现代战场作战需求且多传感器数据更新率不同步的问题,建立一种新的微惯导/毫米波/红外复合制导体制,研究了该体制下多传感器异步信息融合的时间同步和空间配准问题;提出一种自适应无迹卡尔曼滤波算法,该算法采用预测残差构造状态模型误差统计量,通过自适应因子调整状态模型信息对状态参数估值的贡献,有效控制状态模型噪声异常对状态参数估值的影响。将提出的算法应用到微惯导/毫米波/红外复合制导系统中进行仿真验证,结果表明,提出的自适应无迹卡尔曼滤波算法的解算精度高于标准扩展卡尔曼滤波和无迹卡尔曼滤波算法,能有效提高导弹的制导的解算精度。     

一种新的复合导引头多源异步信息融合精确拦截算法

针对单一制导体制难以满足现代战场作战需求，而多传感器数据更新率不同步的问题，建立一种新的微惯导/毫米波/红外复合制导体制，研究了该体制下多传感器异步信息融合的时间同步和空间配准问题；提出一种自适应Unscented卡尔曼滤波算法，该算法采用预测残差构造状态模型误差统计量，通过自适应因子调整状态模型信息对状态参数估值的贡献，有效控制状态模型噪声异常对状态参数估值的影响。将提出的算法应用到微惯导/毫米波/红外复合制导系统中进行仿真验证，结果表明，提出的自适应Unscented卡尔曼滤波算法的解算精度高于标准扩展卡尔曼滤波和Unscented卡尔曼滤波算法，能有效提高导弹的制导的解算精度。     

多传感器异步量测融合算法性能比较

归纳几种多传感器异步量测融合算法,即首先将各传感器异步数据统一到同一时刻,再对该数据进行并行或伪序贯滤波处理.分别采用理论证明和实例仿真分析对各种算法的估计精度、计算量等性能进行了比较.所得结论对实际工程应用中异步量测融合算法的选取有一定的指导意义.     

基于IMM-RUASFF的网络化目标跟踪算法

针对目前网络化目标跟踪算法存在实时性差、精度低等问题进行了研究。首先,基于网络信息共享需求,建立了网络探测节点的目标跟踪模型;其次,网络探测节点目标跟踪需求和实战要求发现目标经常是有多种运动状态并存,而单一模型的滤波器不能满足对机动目标跟踪性能的要求,采用了基于交互式多模型(Interacting Multiple Model,IMM)的有反馈实时更新的异步状态融合算法。最后,针对多个探测节点目标跟踪的状态融合估计问题,提出了一种有反馈实时更新的异步状态融合算法,通过仿真验证了算法的有效性。     

基于局部估计误差相关的多传感器异步航迹融合

由于不同传感器采样率不同、工作起始点可能不同、通信延迟和本身固有延迟等原因,使得研究多传感器异步融合比同步数据融合更贴近实际需求,且通常情况下,各传感器局部估计误差是相关的,利用融合中心状态融合误差协方差阵迹最小准则,提出了一种局部估计误差相关的多传感器异步航迹融合算法,并从理论上进行了推导,最后通过仿真验证了该算法的...     

连续动态贝叶斯网络实现多传感器融合跟踪

利用多传感器数据进行目标跟踪,关键是怎样将多传感器的数据合理应用来对系统的状态做出最佳估计。提出应用连续动态贝叶斯网络的方法,结合卡尔曼滤波器模型,实现用多传感器数据进行目标跟踪的方法,并对算法进行了推导和验证。仿真结果证明了提出的多传感器数据互相修正融合滤波方法具有良好的滤波效果,并能够弥补传感器数据缺失和抑制脉冲噪声。     

基于模糊多传感器数据融合的目标跟踪系统

为了克服使用单个传感器的局限性,目标跟踪系统中引入了多传感器数据融合(MSDF)算法.MSDF能有效减小污染传感器测量量的噪声,又可排除估计过程中的无效测量量.它既能处理线性传感器的数据融合问题,又能处理含噪声的非线性传感器的数据融合问题.为了克服缺乏目标运动的前期信息的不足,目标跟踪系统中还运用了模糊运动学过程模型.因此,尽管缺乏有关目标运动及估计过程中所包含的传感器前期统计信息,该目标跟踪系统的性能却与基于已知目标精确过程模型的广义卡尔曼滤波器的目标跟踪系统相当.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Panjwai: a tale of two COINs in Afghanistan

The US Army has two approaches to counterinsurgency operations in Afghanistan. One is hard, or combat-focused, and the other is soft, or development-focused. This study examines two US Army task forces deployed to Panjwai District, Afghanistan from 2012 to 2013. CTF 4-9 and 1-38 offer a meaningful comparison because they pursued these contrasting approaches among the same population and against the same enemy at the same time and place. The study compares each unit’s approach and finds that neither approach was successful absent the other. The article concludes by recommending further research into combining the approaches at the operational level.